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The Roman town seems to have collapsed suddenly, due to an earthquake in the first quarter of the fifth century. The Roman structures were covered by a huge mass of debris from their collapse, and we have no trace of occupation until the late sixth century, when the western part of the town was enclosed by a wall running along the top of the slope. The new wall, together with the older western Roman walls, enclosed 18 ha. within the old Roman town. Outside were cemeteries, particularly in the area of the Arch of Triumph. Christian funerary inscriptions from this cemetery show that some of the population still spoke Latin, and used dates based on the foundation of the Roman province. According to medieval tradition, the conquering Uqba Ibn Nafi, having made peace with the Romano-Berber Julian at Tangiers, continued on to Walila, where he found the tribe of the Awraba, who had probably arrived towards the end of the sixth century. On the slope of the hill, inside the new wall, the Awraba had built a number of rectangular houses with large rooms, sometimes flanked by an annex. Two of them certainly had loft spaces above the main room.
Around the end of the seventh century Arab soldiers seem to have settled at the site, and the population was converted to Islam. The soldiers settled outside the northwest gate of the town, separate from the Berber population. Sources speak of an Abbasid ribat, and coins were struck with the name Walila. However, this settlement was apparently abandoned by the middle of the eighth century.
In 787 the ‘Alid Idrīs I arrived at the town, where he was welcomed by the chief of the Awraba tribe. Idrīs settled on the plain by the Oued Khomane, just outside the walls, and built a complex of connecting courtyards. The little baths excavated by Rosenberger and El Khayari clearly form part of this expansion, and are part of the complex. To the east of them a large courtyard contained workshops and large silos, while to the south a large courtyard was flanked by long, narrow rooms with red wall plaster, that may be understood as reception spaces. A further courtyard lies to the south of this, and was probably residential. North of Idrīs’ headquarters an artisanal quarter sprang up in the ruins of the old soldiers’ settlement.
During his brief reign Idrīs I united the Berber tribes and took control of all of northern Morocco. His success was short-lived, for in 891 he was murdered by an Abassid spy. His posthumous son, Idris II, was brought up at Walila, although on achieving his majority he moved his capital to Fez. Occupation continued at Walila, still the capital of the little principality. Al Bakri relates that exiles from Cordoba arrived there in 818 C.E.: their descendents were still on the site in his day. However, Al Idrisi refers to it as in ruins.
Current excavations: INSAP/UCL
In 2018, the Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP) and the Institute of Archaeology of University College London (UCL) began a new project, focusing again on the medieval town of Walīla directed by Elizabeth Fentress, Corisande Fenwick and Hassan Limane. The project aims to investigate how the town was transformed from a Berber settlement to the base of a new Arab-Islamic state; how local communities engaged with new Arab immigrants from the East and Al-Andalus; and, the impact of Islam on the consumption practices, diet, health, lifestyle, origins and mobility of its medieval inhabitants.
This project is currently investigating two zones: area A, within the walls at the centre of the Berber town, and area E, just outside the northwest gate. In the first, we are examining a large enclosure, which appears to date to the 14th century. Measuring almost 20 x 20 m., the enclosure is built of huge blocks of stone, over which walls in pisé would have protected the space within. The function of this space is not yet clear, but underneath the fourteenth-century phase we have domestic buildings of the eighth century. In area E, outside the northeast gate, is found a large cluster of buildings, partially excavated during the 60’s and 70’s of the last century, and never published. Careful cleaning and the excavation of the islands of stratigraphy that remains have revealed a number of individual buildings. The first phase of these structures dates to the late seventh or early eighth centuries. We suggest that they were occupied by incoming Arab troops or migrants, a suggestion supported by the find of a ring with the engraving ‘Bismillah’, and the possible identification of one of the buildings as a mosque.
Preliminary project reports can be found under the tab ‘research’. Excavations took place in 2018 and 2019, but were interrupted by the COVID 19 pandemic: they should begin again in October 2021.
We are very grateful for the funding received from the Barakat Trust, Gerald Avery Wainwright Fund, the Society for Antiquaries, UCL Institute of Archaeology Fieldwork Fund and the UCL Official Development Assistance/ Global Challenge Research Fund. The project is currently funded by a European Research Council (ERC) grant to Corisande Fenwick under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 949367).
The 2000-2005 project
Between 2000 and 2005, a first collaborative project took place between the Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine and the Institute of Archaeology of University College London, directed by Hassan Limane and Elizabeth Fentress. These excavations were published by Fentress and Limane in 2018 with the title Volubilis après Rome: Les fouilles UCL/INSAP, 2000-2005 (Leiden, Brill). Concentrated on the western half of the city, where the Roman buildings are covered by their own destruction and by the early medieval town, two sites were excavated, At site D, within the walls, the rural settlement of the Awraba was revealed, a series of one- or two-roomed houses, with simple beaten earth floors. Pottery and evidence from faunal and botanical remains revealed an agricultural lifestyle, with sheep and cattle reared and butchered on site, and wheat and barley cultivated on the plain below. At site B, outside the walls, the headaquarters of Idris I were revealed. These consisted of a series of courtyards, built around a hammam or bath which is one of the earliest in the Maghreb. Each courtyard had a different function – storage and artisanal production, reception, and domestic occupation. The identification with Idris I was confirmed by coins and radiocarbon dating. The contrast between the two contemporary sites was evident: in Idris I’s compound cotton was traded and iron smelted, while grain was stored in enormous silos cut into the ground of the largest courtyard. On site D, in contrast, silos were small and clearly domestic, intended for the family that lived in the house. Coin usage was common on site B, almost absent on site D. Even pottery was slightly different, with large platters for communal dining more common on site B. The excavation revealed two very different settlements, inhabited by two very different groups of people – on the one hand the Berber Awraba, and on the other the Arab followers of Idris I.
Urban Economy of Volubilis Architectural Survey: INSAP/Old Dominion University
This project aims to provide a synthetic description of economic activity and investment in Roman-era Volubilis by combining a close examination of the architectural remains of workshops with archaeobotanical analysis and petrology. The project is directed by Jared Benton (Old Dominion University) and Christy Schirmer (University of Texas/American Academy in Rome), with team members including Basma Mejrihi a graduate student at INSAP, Phil Orlandini and Derek Weller geologists from the Jackson School of Geosciences at UT Austin, and Giancarlo Filantropi an Italian draftsman and architect. The project is sponsored by Old Dominion University and the University of Texas at Austin and has been funded by the Archaeological Institute of America (The Ellen and Charles Steinmetz Endowment Fund for Archaeology), the Roman Society of London (Donald Atkinson Fund), Old Dominion University’s Internal Granting, and the Andrew J. Messing Charitable Fund.
Focusing initially on the bakeries, in 2017 the team cleaned, 3D modelled, and planned six bakeries with ovens excavated in the early 20th century. The first publication on that work came out in February 2021. In 2019, the team focused entirely on the bakery in the Maison a la Citerne, which was excavated by a French team in the 1950s and published in the 1960s by Zehnacker and Hallier. Team members removed the backfill, identified undisturbed strata in the packed earth floors and sampled them for flotation and archaeobotanical analysis. This work revealed concentrations of carbonized olive stones behind the oven, which suggests the use of pomace as fuel in the ovens, a possible link between bakers and olive presseurs in the city. A report on that work is forthcoming. Part of the 2019 season was an effort to sample the stone technologies in workshop and conduct a comprehensive petrological analysis that linked workshops with primary-sector production of millstones and other stone implements. The project’s article on that subject is currently under-review with Journal of Archaeological Sciences: Reports. Future aims of the project are to focus on the partially excavated and unidentified workshops of Volubilis, deploying the same techniques to try to detail the nature of commercial and industrial activity in these spaces to better understand the diverse nature of production in the city. In 2021, the team has identified several possible quarries using aerial photography and digital elevation models; from August 1 to 26, team members will be surveying the Middle Atlas mountains searching for the quarry or quarries from which the Roman-era volcanic millstones of Volubilis were possibly taken.
Current excavations: INSAP/UCL
In 2018, the Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP) and the Institute of Archaeology of University College London (UCL) began a new project, focusing again on the medieval town of Walīla directed by Elizabeth Fentress, Corisande Fenwick and Hassan Limane. The project aims to investigate how the town was transformed from a Berber settlement to the base of a new Arab-Islamic state; how local communities engaged with new Arab immigrants from the East and Al-Andalus; and, the impact of Islam on the consumption practices, diet, health, lifestyle, origins and mobility of its medieval inhabitants.
This project is currently investigating two zones: area A, within the walls at the centre of the Berber town, and area E, just outside the northwest gate. In the first, we are examining a large enclosure, which appears to date to the 14th century. Measuring almost 20 x 20 m., the enclosure is built of huge blocks of stone, over which walls in pisé would have protected the space within. The function of this space is not yet clear, but underneath the fourteenth-century phase we have domestic buildings of the eighth century. In area E, outside the northeast gate, is found a large cluster of buildings, partially excavated during the 60’s and 70’s of the last century, and never published. Careful cleaning and the excavation of the islands of stratigraphy that remains have revealed a number of individual buildings. The first phase of these structures dates to the late seventh or early eighth centuries. We suggest that they were occupied by incoming Arab troops or migrants, a suggestion supported by the find of a ring with the engraving ‘Bismillah’, and the possible identification of one of the buildings as a mosque.
Preliminary project reports can be found under the tab ‘research’. Excavations took place in 2018 and 2019, but were interrupted by the COVID 19 pandemic: they should begin again in October 2021.
We are very grateful for the funding received from the Barakat Trust, Gerald Avery Wainwright Fund, the Society for Antiquaries, UCL Institute of Archaeology Fieldwork Fund and the UCL Official Development Assistance/ Global Challenge Research Fund. The project is currently funded by a European Research Council (ERC) grant to Corisande Fenwick under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 949367).
The 2000-2005 project
Between 2000 and 2005, a first collaborative project took place between the Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine and the Institute of Archaeology of University College London, directed by Hassan Limane and Elizabeth Fentress. These excavations were published by Fentress and Limane in 2018 with the title Volubilis après Rome: Les fouilles UCL/INSAP, 2000-2005 (Leiden, Brill). Concentrated on the western half of the city, where the Roman buildings are covered by their own destruction and by the early medieval town, two sites were excavated, At site D, within the walls, the rural settlement of the Awraba was revealed, a series of one- or two-roomed houses, with simple beaten earth floors. Pottery and evidence from faunal and botanical remains revealed an agricultural lifestyle, with sheep and cattle reared and butchered on site, and wheat and barley cultivated on the plain below. At site B, outside the walls, the headaquarters of Idris I were revealed. These consisted of a series of courtyards, built around a hammam or bath which is one of the earliest in the Maghreb. Each courtyard had a different function – storage and artisanal production, reception, and domestic occupation. The identification with Idris I was confirmed by coins and radiocarbon dating. The contrast between the two contemporary sites was evident: in Idris I’s compound cotton was traded and iron smelted, while grain was stored in enormous silos cut into the ground of the largest courtyard. On site D, in contrast, silos were small and clearly domestic, intended for the family that lived in the house. Coin usage was common on site B, almost absent on site D. Even pottery was slightly different, with large platters for communal dining more common on site B. The excavation revealed two very different settlements, inhabited by two very different groups of people – on the one hand the Berber Awraba, and on the other the Arab followers of Idris I.
Urban Economy of Volubilis Architectural Survey: INSAP/Old Dominion University
This project aims to provide a synthetic description of economic activity and investment in Roman-era Volubilis by combining a close examination of the architectural remains of workshops with archaeobotanical analysis and petrology. The project is directed by Jared Benton (Old Dominion University) and Christy Schirmer (University of Texas/American Academy in Rome), with team members including Basma Mejrihi a graduate student at INSAP, Phil Orlandini and Derek Weller geologists from the Jackson School of Geosciences at UT Austin, and Giancarlo Filantropi an Italian draftsman and architect. The project is sponsored by Old Dominion University and the University of Texas at Austin and has been funded by the Archaeological Institute of America (The Ellen and Charles Steinmetz Endowment Fund for Archaeology), the Roman Society of London (Donald Atkinson Fund), Old Dominion University’s Internal Granting, and the Andrew J. Messing Charitable Fund.
Focusing initially on the bakeries, in 2017 the team cleaned, 3D modelled, and planned six bakeries with ovens excavated in the early 20th century. The first publication on that work came out in February 2021. In 2019, the team focused entirely on the bakery in the Maison a la Citerne, which was excavated by a French team in the 1950s and published in the 1960s by Zehnacker and Hallier. Team members removed the backfill, identified undisturbed strata in the packed earth floors and sampled them for flotation and archaeobotanical analysis. This work revealed concentrations of carbonized olive stones behind the oven, which suggests the use of pomace as fuel in the ovens, a possible link between bakers and olive presseurs in the city. A report on that work is forthcoming. Part of the 2019 season was an effort to sample the stone technologies in workshop and conduct a comprehensive petrological analysis that linked workshops with primary-sector production of millstones and other stone implements. The project’s article on that subject is currently under-review with Journal of Archaeological Sciences: Reports. Future aims of the project are to focus on the partially excavated and unidentified workshops of Volubilis, deploying the same techniques to try to detail the nature of commercial and industrial activity in these spaces to better understand the diverse nature of production in the city. In 2021, the team has identified several possible quarries using aerial photography and digital elevation models; from August 1 to 26, team members will be surveying the Middle Atlas mountains searching for the quarry or quarries from which the Roman-era volcanic millstones of Volubilis were possibly taken.
Current excavations: INSAP/UCL
In 2018, the Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP) and the Institute of Archaeology of University College London (UCL) began a new project, focusing again on the medieval town of Walīla directed by Elizabeth Fentress, Corisande Fenwick and Hassan Limane. The project aims to investigate how the town was transformed from a Berber settlement to the base of a new Arab-Islamic state; how local communities engaged with new Arab immigrants from the East and Al-Andalus; and, the impact of Islam on the consumption practices, diet, health, lifestyle, origins and mobility of its medieval inhabitants.
This project is currently investigating two zones: area A, within the walls at the centre of the Berber town, and area E, just outside the northwest gate. In the first, we are examining a large enclosure, which appears to date to the 14th century. Measuring almost 20 x 20 m., the enclosure is built of huge blocks of stone, over which walls in pisé would have protected the space within. The function of this space is not yet clear, but underneath the fourteenth-century phase we have domestic buildings of the eighth century. In area E, outside the northeast gate, is found a large cluster of buildings, partially excavated during the 60’s and 70’s of the last century, and never published. Careful cleaning and the excavation of the islands of stratigraphy that remains have revealed a number of individual buildings. The first phase of these structures dates to the late seventh or early eighth centuries. We suggest that they were occupied by incoming Arab troops or migrants, a suggestion supported by the find of a ring with the engraving ‘Bismillah’, and the possible identification of one of the buildings as a mosque.
Preliminary project reports can be found under the tab ‘research’. Excavations took place in 2018 and 2019, but were interrupted by the COVID 19 pandemic: they should begin again in October 2021.
We are very grateful for the funding received from the Barakat Trust, Gerald Avery Wainwright Fund, the Society for Antiquaries, UCL Institute of Archaeology Fieldwork Fund and the UCL Official Development Assistance/ Global Challenge Research Fund. The project is currently funded by a European Research Council (ERC) grant to Corisande Fenwick under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 949367).
The 2000-2005 project
Between 2000 and 2005, a first collaborative project took place between the Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine and the Institute of Archaeology of University College London, directed by Hassan Limane and Elizabeth Fentress. These excavations were published by Fentress and Limane in 2018 with the title Volubilis après Rome: Les fouilles UCL/INSAP, 2000-2005 (Leiden, Brill). Concentrated on the western half of the city, where the Roman buildings are covered by their own destruction and by the early medieval town, two sites were excavated, At site D, within the walls, the rural settlement of the Awraba was revealed, a series of one- or two-roomed houses, with simple beaten earth floors. Pottery and evidence from faunal and botanical remains revealed an agricultural lifestyle, with sheep and cattle reared and butchered on site, and wheat and barley cultivated on the plain below. At site B, outside the walls, the headaquarters of Idris I were revealed. These consisted of a series of courtyards, built around a hammam or bath which is one of the earliest in the Maghreb. Each courtyard had a different function – storage and artisanal production, reception, and domestic occupation. The identification with Idris I was confirmed by coins and radiocarbon dating. The contrast between the two contemporary sites was evident: in Idris I’s compound cotton was traded and iron smelted, while grain was stored in enormous silos cut into the ground of the largest courtyard. On site D, in contrast, silos were small and clearly domestic, intended for the family that lived in the house. Coin usage was common on site B, almost absent on site D. Even pottery was slightly different, with large platters for communal dining more common on site B. The excavation revealed two very different settlements, inhabited by two very different groups of people – on the one hand the Berber Awraba, and on the other the Arab followers of Idris I.
Urban Economy of Volubilis Architectural Survey: INSAP/Old Dominion University
This project aims to provide a synthetic description of economic activity and investment in Roman-era Volubilis by combining a close examination of the architectural remains of workshops with archaeobotanical analysis and petrology. The project is directed by Jared Benton (Old Dominion University) and Christy Schirmer (University of Texas/American Academy in Rome), with team members including Basma Mejrihi a graduate student at INSAP, Phil Orlandini and Derek Weller geologists from the Jackson School of Geosciences at UT Austin, and Giancarlo Filantropi an Italian draftsman and architect. The project is sponsored by Old Dominion University and the University of Texas at Austin and has been funded by the Archaeological Institute of America (The Ellen and Charles Steinmetz Endowment Fund for Archaeology), the Roman Society of London (Donald Atkinson Fund), Old Dominion University’s Internal Granting, and the Andrew J. Messing Charitable Fund.
Focusing initially on the bakeries, in 2017 the team cleaned, 3D modelled, and planned six bakeries with ovens excavated in the early 20th century. The first publication on that work came out in February 2021. In 2019, the team focused entirely on the bakery in the Maison a la Citerne, which was excavated by a French team in the 1950s and published in the 1960s by Zehnacker and Hallier. Team members removed the backfill, identified undisturbed strata in the packed earth floors and sampled them for flotation and archaeobotanical analysis. This work revealed concentrations of carbonized olive stones behind the oven, which suggests the use of pomace as fuel in the ovens, a possible link between bakers and olive presseurs in the city. A report on that work is forthcoming. Part of the 2019 season was an effort to sample the stone technologies in workshop and conduct a comprehensive petrological analysis that linked workshops with primary-sector production of millstones and other stone implements. The project’s article on that subject is currently under-review with Journal of Archaeological Sciences: Reports. Future aims of the project are to focus on the partially excavated and unidentified workshops of Volubilis, deploying the same techniques to try to detail the nature of commercial and industrial activity in these spaces to better understand the diverse nature of production in the city. In 2021, the team has identified several possible quarries using aerial photography and digital elevation models; from August 1 to 26, team members will be surveying the Middle Atlas mountains searching for the quarry or quarries from which the Roman-era volcanic millstones of Volubilis were possibly taken.
Current excavations: INSAP/UCL
In 2018, the Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP) and the Institute of Archaeology of University College London (UCL) began a new project, focusing again on the medieval town of Walīla directed by Elizabeth Fentress, Corisande Fenwick and Hassan Limane. The project aims to investigate how the town was transformed from a Berber settlement to the base of a new Arab-Islamic state; how local communities engaged with new Arab immigrants from the East and Al-Andalus; and, the impact of Islam on the consumption practices, diet, health, lifestyle, origins and mobility of its medieval inhabitants.
This project is currently investigating two zones: area A, within the walls at the centre of the Berber town, and area E, just outside the northwest gate. In the first, we are examining a large enclosure, which appears to date to the 14th century. Measuring almost 20 x 20 m., the enclosure is built of huge blocks of stone, over which walls in pisé would have protected the space within. The function of this space is not yet clear, but underneath the fourteenth-century phase we have domestic buildings of the eighth century. In area E, outside the northeast gate, is found a large cluster of buildings, partially excavated during the 60’s and 70’s of the last century, and never published. Careful cleaning and the excavation of the islands of stratigraphy that remains have revealed a number of individual buildings. The first phase of these structures dates to the late seventh or early eighth centuries. We suggest that they were occupied by incoming Arab troops or migrants, a suggestion supported by the find of a ring with the engraving ‘Bismillah’, and the possible identification of one of the buildings as a mosque.
Preliminary project reports can be found under the tab ‘research’. Excavations took place in 2018 and 2019, but were interrupted by the COVID 19 pandemic: they should begin again in October 2021.
We are very grateful for the funding received from the Barakat Trust, Gerald Avery Wainwright Fund, the Society for Antiquaries, UCL Institute of Archaeology Fieldwork Fund and the UCL Official Development Assistance/ Global Challenge Research Fund. The project is currently funded by a European Research Council (ERC) grant to Corisande Fenwick under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 949367).
The 2000-2005 project
Between 2000 and 2005, a first collaborative project took place between the Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine and the Institute of Archaeology of University College London, directed by Hassan Limane and Elizabeth Fentress. These excavations were published by Fentress and Limane in 2018 with the title Volubilis après Rome: Les fouilles UCL/INSAP, 2000-2005 (Leiden, Brill). Concentrated on the western half of the city, where the Roman buildings are covered by their own destruction and by the early medieval town, two sites were excavated, At site D, within the walls, the rural settlement of the Awraba was revealed, a series of one- or two-roomed houses, with simple beaten earth floors. Pottery and evidence from faunal and botanical remains revealed an agricultural lifestyle, with sheep and cattle reared and butchered on site, and wheat and barley cultivated on the plain below. At site B, outside the walls, the headaquarters of Idris I were revealed. These consisted of a series of courtyards, built around a hammam or bath which is one of the earliest in the Maghreb. Each courtyard had a different function – storage and artisanal production, reception, and domestic occupation. The identification with Idris I was confirmed by coins and radiocarbon dating. The contrast between the two contemporary sites was evident: in Idris I’s compound cotton was traded and iron smelted, while grain was stored in enormous silos cut into the ground of the largest courtyard. On site D, in contrast, silos were small and clearly domestic, intended for the family that lived in the house. Coin usage was common on site B, almost absent on site D. Even pottery was slightly different, with large platters for communal dining more common on site B. The excavation revealed two very different settlements, inhabited by two very different groups of people – on the one hand the Berber Awraba, and on the other the Arab followers of Idris I.
Urban Economy of Volubilis Architectural Survey: INSAP/Old Dominion University
This project aims to provide a synthetic description of economic activity and investment in Roman-era Volubilis by combining a close examination of the architectural remains of workshops with archaeobotanical analysis and petrology. The project is directed by Jared Benton (Old Dominion University) and Christy Schirmer (University of Texas/American Academy in Rome), with team members including Basma Mejrihi a graduate student at INSAP, Phil Orlandini and Derek Weller geologists from the Jackson School of Geosciences at UT Austin, and Giancarlo Filantropi an Italian draftsman and architect. The project is sponsored by Old Dominion University and the University of Texas at Austin and has been funded by the Archaeological Institute of America (The Ellen and Charles Steinmetz Endowment Fund for Archaeology), the Roman Society of London (Donald Atkinson Fund), Old Dominion University’s Internal Granting, and the Andrew J. Messing Charitable Fund.
Focusing initially on the bakeries, in 2017 the team cleaned, 3D modelled, and planned six bakeries with ovens excavated in the early 20th century. The first publication on that work came out in February 2021. In 2019, the team focused entirely on the bakery in the Maison a la Citerne, which was excavated by a French team in the 1950s and published in the 1960s by Zehnacker and Hallier. Team members removed the backfill, identified undisturbed strata in the packed earth floors and sampled them for flotation and archaeobotanical analysis. This work revealed concentrations of carbonized olive stones behind the oven, which suggests the use of pomace as fuel in the ovens, a possible link between bakers and olive presseurs in the city. A report on that work is forthcoming. Part of the 2019 season was an effort to sample the stone technologies in workshop and conduct a comprehensive petrological analysis that linked workshops with primary-sector production of millstones and other stone implements. The project’s article on that subject is currently under-review with Journal of Archaeological Sciences: Reports. Future aims of the project are to focus on the partially excavated and unidentified workshops of Volubilis, deploying the same techniques to try to detail the nature of commercial and industrial activity in these spaces to better understand the diverse nature of production in the city. In 2021, the team has identified several possible quarries using aerial photography and digital elevation models; from August 1 to 26, team members will be surveying the Middle Atlas mountains searching for the quarry or quarries from which the Roman-era volcanic millstones of Volubilis were possibly taken.
The site is the result of a collaboration between the INSAP and UCL. It was conceived by Guy Hunt and Elizabeth Fentress in 2002. Its current incarnation was designed by Dan Taylor (dant.design@icloud.com).
Texts by Jared Benton, Abdelkader Chergui, Elizabeth Fentress, Corisande Fenwick, Abdelfetah Ichkhakh and Hassan Limane.
Translations by Elizabeth Fentress and Hassan Limane.
Bibliography by Helen Dawson, Elizabeth Fentress, Raluca Lazarescu and Marie Middleton.
Le site est le résultat d’une collaboration entre INSAP et UCL. Il a été conçu par Guy Hunt et Elizabeth Fentress en 2002. Sa forme actuelle est du à Dan Taylor (dant.design@icloud.com).
Textes de Jared Benton, Abdelkader Chergui, Elizabeth Fentress, Corisande Fenwick, Abdelfetah Ichkhakh et Hassan Limane.
Traductions d’Elizabeth Fentress et Hassan Limane.
Bibliographie de Helen Dawson, Elizabeth Fentress, Raluca Lazarescu et Marie Middleton.